Washington: The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) published in February 2026 its regional report on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), warning that the Latin America and Caribbean region faces one of the world's highest burdens of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. AMR already causes the death of more than 500,000 people per year in the region, and the trend is increasing.

The report notes that excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human health and animal production is the main cause of the problem. In several countries in the region, antibiotics are sold without a prescription, which facilitates self-medication and accelerates the development of resistance. Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico are identified as the countries with the highest burden of antimicrobial resistance, although also with the technical capabilities to lead solutions.

Hospital Impact

Healthcare-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria represent the most serious problem. Organisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, which are practically impossible to treat with the antibiotics available in many hospitals in the region, are causing outbreaks in intensive care units in Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil.

PAHO recommends strengthening epidemiological surveillance programs, implementing rational antibiotic use committees in hospitals, promoting vaccination as a preventive tool, and strictly regulating antibiotic sales. It also urges countries to invest in rapid diagnostics that allow doctors to prescribe the correct antibiotic from the start of treatment.

Innovative Solutions

Some regional initiatives give hope. Chile implemented in 2024 a mandatory electronic antibiotic prescription system that reduced consumption by 18% in its first year. Colombia launched a pharmacist training program on rational drug use. These experiences are being studied for replication in other countries in the region.